I was born in 1962 to a Muslim family in a small town called Mymensingh in what then was East Pakistan. Now, after it gained its independence, the country is called Bangladesh.
My childhood was not much different from that of other girls of my generation. Like other girls of a middle-class family, I was sent to a coeducational school until I reached the age of seven. When eight, I had to go to a girls’ school. From 6th to 10th grades, coeducational schools were not open to girls. After 10th grade, I went to a girls’ college. My father disapproved of my going to a coeducational college where boys were, but he had no alternative when he decided that I should study medical science. My father, I should add, was different from other fathers.
Girls frequently dropped out of school when they were fifteen or sixteen, ages at which they often were given into marriage by their parents. Few girls had a chance to continue their studies, for after an arranged marriage they were not allowed to continue studying in school or college or university nor could they take a job. They became totally dependent upon their husbands, in other words.
It was usual for us children, in the early morning, to read the
Koran in Arabic, and like all other children in Bangladesh I did this. But
I found myself asking questions. I wanted to know what I was reading, what the
meaning of the Koranic verses was. Our language is Bengali, not Arabic, and it
was impossible to know the meaning of the verses that we read. We just read,
that’s all. When I asked Mother to tell me the meaning of what I was
reading, she explained that the meaning is not important, that what is
important is that Allah will be happy that I am reading the Koran in its
original language.
When I was thirteen or fourteen, however, I found a book that
translated the Koran into Bengali. To my surprise, I found Allah saying
that men are superior, that women are inferior. Men can have four wives. Men
can divorce their wives any time they want. Men are allowed to beat women.
Women are not allowed to give testimony in some legal cases. Women are not
allowed to inherit the property of their father equally with their brothers.
Women are supposed to wear veils.
Islam does not consider woman a separate human being. Man was
the original creation and womankind was created secondarily for the
pleasure of man. Islam consider a woman as a slave or sexual object, nothing
more. Women’s role is to stay at home and to obey her husband, for this is
her religious duty. Women are considered weak, so they should be taken care
of, their body and mind, their desire and wishes, their rights and freedom
must be controlled by men. Islam treats women intellectually, morally and
physically inferior. In marriage, Islam protects the rights of men and men
only. Once the marriage is consummated, women have no rights whatsoever in
this field. The Koran gave total freedom to men saying ’ Your women are
as your field, go unto them as you will ( 2.223)’
Women are told to run to their husbands wherever they are, whatever they do. It is their duty. The hadith says that two prayers that never reach the heavens are 1. those of the escaping slaves and 2. those of the reluctant woman who frustrates her husband at night.
Islam considers women psychologically inferior. Women’s testimony is
not allowed in cases of marriage, divorce, and hudud. Hudud are the punishment
of Islamic law for adultery, fornication, adultery against a married person,
apostasy, theft, robbery, and so forth. If any woman is raped, she has to
produce four male witnesses to the court. If she cannot, there is no charge
against the rapist. In Islamic law, the testimony of two women is worth that
of one man. In the case in which a man suspects his wife of adultery or denies
the legitimacy of the offspring, his testimony is worth that of four
witnesses. A woman does not have the right to charge her husband in a similar
manner.
Women are not allowed to inherit the property
equally with their brothers. In the case of inheritance, Allah says, a
male shall inherit twice as much as a female( 4.11-12)
And after all the rights and freedom, after getting all the sexual
pleasure and pleasure of being the master, Allah will reward the men with
wine, food, and seventy two virgins in Paradise, including their wives of the
earth. Allah said, Eat and drink happily, in return for your works. They relax
on luxurious furnishings, and we match them with beautiful virgins(
52.19-20).near them, shall be blushing virgins with large beautiful eyes who
will be like hidden pearls. ( 37.48-49)
And what is the reward
for the pious woman? Nothing. Nothing but the same old husband, the same man
who caused her suffering while they were on earth.
I was a student of science, so it was hard to accept that the sun moves around the earth, that the moon has its own light, and that the purpose of mountains is to support the earth so it will not fall down somewhere. I came to suspect that the Qur’an was not written by Allah but, rather, by some selfish greedy man who wanted only his own comfort. Then I read the Hadith, the words of Muhammad. I found different events of Prophet Muhammad’s life in which, when he had problems, Allah solved them right away. For example, he was sexually aroused by seeing his daughter-in-law, so Allah sent him a message saying he could marry her because his son was adopted and not a real son, so the marriage was therefore justified. Further, he created a new rule, that Muslims would not be allowed to adopt any child. Muhammad married thirteen times, one of his brides being six-year-old Ayesha. Allah, he said, told him that he was allowed to enjoy his wives, his female slaves and all the captive women he had . He put Ayesha in a veil because he was jealous and did not want his friends looking admiringly at her. Allah, he said, told his friends that they should not go to the Prophet’s house any time they want but if they go, they should not look at any of his wives or ask any of them for something. He was so jealous that he introduced the veil for his wives and, ultimately, for all Muslim women. Even though widow-marriage was legal, he made it illegal for men to marry any of his own wives when he himself died. It became clear to me that Muhammad had written the Koran for his own interest, for his own comfort, for his own fun. So I stopped believing in Islam. When I studied other religions, I found they, too, oppressed women. When I stopped practicing religion and made some offensive comments about religion to my mother, she became both nervous and furious, sure that I would go to Hell, and she started praying for me.
My father, a physician, had a scientific outlook but was very
domineering. He did not allow me the freedom to play, to go outside, to meet
friends, to go to the cinema or theatre, or to read any book that was not in a
syllabus. He wanted me to earn a medical degree so he could say that one of
his children followed his path. On the one hand, he wanted me to be
independent, but on the other hand he wanted to find a good match for me
inasmuch as educated men often desire an educated wife.
As I grew up, I kept observing the condition of women in our society.
My mother, for example, was a perfect example of a woman oppressed. She had
been given into marriage when she was but a child, she was a good student in
school, but she was not allowed to continue her studies. My grandfather and my
father did not want her to study, for what they wanted was for her to be a
good housewife, a good mother, a good caretaker. She was unhappy from the
first day of the marriage. My father never loved her, he was promiscuous, and
she knew that he had affairs with other women. In frustration, she sought
refuge in religion. Unloved and not respected by her husband, she became
religious. As a result, I came to think that this was foolish and unworthy of
a mother. Although I was supposed to respect
both my parents, I could not. I could not respect my father’s being
such a cruel and brutal person. Throughout my life, he beat me, even when I
was thirty years old! He loved to beat children, his theory being that unless
children were beaten they would become spoiled. He had come from an
illiterate, poor, farm family, yet had succeeded in becoming a medical doctor.
In
our house, I grew up with much fear, having to keep inside my heart all my
desire for freedom and curiosity for the outside world. I was not allowed to
step outside the house except to go to my school or college. As a result, I
developed a passion for reading books, fiction, poetry, essays, anything. But
I had to hide the books from my parents. And I had another passion: to write
poetry.
Growing up, I naturally had the belief that girls surely must be
inferior to boys, for boys could play in a big field whereas girls had to play
with their dolls in a corner of the house. My brothers could go anywhere they
wanted, could watch any games, could play anything they wanted to play. I
could not. My sister could not. I was told that girls were not made for such,
that their role was to stay home, learn how to cook, make beds, clean the
house. My mother was not the only woman who was oppressed, for I saw my aunts,
my neighbors, and other acquaintances who were playing the same roles, that of
being oppressed. In our minds, torture of women was not oppression but,
rather, was tradition. We become accustomed to tradition. As I grew, I
realized that I was a part of the tradition but also that I was being
oppressed the same as my female classmates and, later, my female patients.
Whether they were poor or rich, beautiful or ugly, had blue or black or brown
eyes, had white, black or brown skin, were unmarried or married, illiterate or
literate, clever or stupid, all were oppressed. Everywhere women were
oppressed. And all because of male-devised patriarchy, religion, tradition,
culture, and customs.
Nobody told me to protest, but I developed a strong feeling that it was
important to fight against oppression. Nobody asked me to shed a tear, but I
did. When I started writing prose that was published weekly in the newspapers,
I found my protests got the attention of readers, that people either hated me
or they loved me. I became accustomed to receiving extreme hate and extreme
love letters. One by one, my books got published. Not only publishers but also
newspaper editors wanted me to write. With perseverance, I became a
best-selling author.
However, those who hated what I wrote developed demonstrations against
me, and people began protesting by marching through the streets. In 1992 at a
national book fair, my books were publicly burned, and I was thrown out of the
event. A ”Smash Taslima Committee” commenced, and I was not allowed to
visit the book fair any more because the fair’s leaders said my books were
causing the problem. In 1993 I returned, but this time the fundamentalists and
an angry mob assaulted me publicly, breaking into the bookshop where my books
were kept. I may have received the biggest literary award, but at the same
time I received the biggest hate campaign ever. The government then
confiscated my passport, asking me not to write any more if I hoped to keep my
job as a medical doctor in a public hospital. In protest, I quit the job. My
passport, however, was not returned until a year later when a human rights
campaign outside Bangladesh’s borders successfully pressured the government.
I continued writing. In my poetry, prose, and essays, novels I have
defended women and the minority community that is being oppressed. I cried
loudly for equality and justice, justice for all people whatever their
religion or gender. I spoke loudly upon behalf of secularism. I spoke against
any religious laws in which women are oppressed. My book was banned by the
government.
Women
continue to be flogged, they are stoned to death. Women are raped, are accused
of allowing the rape, and the rapists are set free. Women have been suffering
from trafficking, from slavery, from all sorts of discrimination. Men have
thrown acid on women’s faces and walked away as happy men. Women are not
considered as human beings, not by religion, not by so-called tradition. For a
couple, the most unwanted thing is a female baby. If a female baby is born,
either the wife gets a divorce for her crime of having given birth of a female
or the wife must spend her life with disgrace. By writing books, I wanted to
do something constructive, I wanted to help women understand that they are
oppressed but do not need to be. I wanted to encourage them to fight for their
rights and freedom. My voice, however, gave women the chance to think
differently. That, however, did not make the religionists or the male
chauvinists happy. As a result, the fundamentalists took the stand of absolutely
not tolerating any of my views. They objected to a woman’s breaking the
chains and becoming free, and they could not tolerate my saying that the
Qur’an is out of place, out of time, and that secular law with a uniform
civil code for women is a necessity. Extremists broke into newspapers’
offices, sued my editors, publishers, and me. They demanded my execution by
hanging. Hundreds of thousands people were on the street. They called a
general strike all over the country, insisting that I be killed. The government,
instead of taking action against them, took action against me. They filed a
case against me, charging that I had hurt the religious feelings of the
people. I had no other alternative but to go into hiding. While in hiding, I
was fortunate in receiving the support of the western democratic governments,
feminists, and human rights organizations. They literally helped to save my
life. Actually I thought it would be killed, for daily I saw mobs of people
demanding my death. Police looked everywhere for me, knowing that the
fundamentalists wanted me dead. Anyway, I survived. The government threw me
out of the country. Since then, I have been trying to go back to my country,
but it is impossible. I am not allowed to go back to my country.
Meanwhile, three of my books are banned in Bangladesh. I have written
twenty-four books, and cases have been filed against me in order to ban the
other books. Recently, a Bangladesh court sentenced me to one year in prison
for having written what I did. Everything
is because of religion. Because of religion, there is bloodshed, bloodshed
everywhere. Because of religion there is hatred among people. Because of
religion there is ignorance all over the world. Because of religion there is
illiteracy, there is poverty. Because of religion there are injustices
and inequalities. Because of religion millions of women have been suffering,
they are flogged, they are burned, they are stoned to death. Because of
religion, my books are burned and banned. Because of religion I was thrown out
of my country. But we can do
something, we eliminate all the problems of humanity which are caused by the
belief in God. It is dangerous to follow the religious scriptures in this
modern world. Not only the Koran, all the religious scriptures are out of
time, out of place.
Both the Judeo-Christian bible and the Koran clearly accept and
condone slavery. Jesus explicitly tells slaves to accept their roles and obey
their masters. No one in the world today would defend chattel slavery in any
public forum or allow its under any legal code. Neither fundamentalist
Christians nor orthodox Jews talk about animal sacrifice or slavery. In those
countries in which Sharia law exists, where stoning for adultery and
amputation for stealing are legalized, no legitimization of slavery is ever
mentioned. Polygamy and use of concubines are clearly accepted in the old testament
but no where in the Judeo Christian world are either of these practices
legalized. Thus, insistence of continuation of practices which denigrate,
oppress and suppress women under the guise of scriptural reference is a hoax.
Such practices could and should be de legitimized as chattel slavery has been
de legitimized.
I have been writing about all this. But my freedom of expression have
been continuously violated by the authority. I could not reach the readers of
my country. My latest book
my girlhood is banned in my
country. My autobiography, I realize , is not just my life story. It is the
same story that thousands of women know about. It tells how Muslim women live
in a patriarchal country that has hundreds of traditions in which girls and
women suffer. I have looked back into my childhood days and described the life
of being a female child, told how I was brought up, explained that I had
privileges that many others did not have. I was able to study and become a
medical doctor, something which thousands of girls cannot even dream about. I
wanted to show where and how I grew up and what made me think differently,
what made me do things differently. It is important to give other women some
strength to revolt against the oppressive system that I grew up under and
which still continues for them. I told the truth. I expressed everything that
happened in my life. Normally it is taboo to reveal rape or attempted rape by
male members of one’s family. Girls shut their mouth, because they are
terribly ashamed. But I did not shut my mouth. I did not care what people
would say to me or to my family. I know well that many women feel that I am
telling their untold stories, too. We, the victims should cry out loud. We
need to be heard. We must protest loudly and demand our freedom and rights. We
must refuse to be shackled, chained, beaten and threatened. We have only one
life, and we demand to live it in happiness.
If women do not fight to stop being oppressed by a shameful patriarchal
and religious system, then shame on women! Shame on us for not protesting, for
not fighting, for allowing a system to continue that will affect our
daughters.
My story is not a unique one. My experiences, unfortunately, have been
shared by millions of fellow sufferers. In my book, I cried for myself. I also
cried for all the others who have not been able to enjoy the productive life
of which they are capable and which they most assuredly deserve! We who are
women no longer must remain solitary, crying softly in lonely places.
I do not regret for what I have done so far, for what I have ever
written. Come what may, I will continue my fight against all the evil forces
without any compromise until my death. I am all the more committed and all the
more determined to my cause.